Big mouth what puberty is really like. Professor Ramos Blog

Huge mouth what pubescence is truly similar to. â€Å"Big mouth† is a Netflix energized unique arrangement that centers around a gathering of companions in center school and how they adapt to adolescence and the ruthless fights that accompanies it. This show reveals a truly necessary positive insight into sex instruction, sexual direction and adolescence in a carefree, unbalanced and truly relatable way. As indicated by another audit on Big Mouth by Arielle Bernstein she states â€Å"how we figure out how to explore an existence where there is no unmistakable guide for solid sexuality, and where a significant number of the messages we get about sex are confounding, best case scenario and poisonous at worst.† I feel that this show truly works superbly on being exceptionally useful without giving up the diversion. In the scene â€Å"Everyone bleeds† second scene in the two season arrangement it examines the progressions of the female body alongside consistent dread of getting your period openly. Talking about the individual battles that accompanies adapting to feminine cycle and fighting the social marks of shame. Demonstrating how men can likewise make this time somewhat simpler for us ladies. Periods all in all are typically just examined with ladies by ladies and is viewed as a â€Å"women’s issues† by having a male nearness in this scene talking about periods as well as loaning an aiding hand,it shows that we have to help our ladies more in this vital time on the month. Numerous recordings can be discovered indicating the entertainment of the absence of information our men have on period anyway this truly shows the bombed instructive framework that numerous men don't have a clue or comprehend what befalls a large portion of the populace consistently. Handling a great deal with respect to the restrictions on women’s wellbeing they have an entire scene devoted to female masturbation, and in later scenes it is again raised. All through the show there are numerous jokes and discussions about the young men pleasuring themselves which is extremely normal however exposing that â€Å"Girls are  horny too† is a significant success for the show. Not being reluctant to discuss this genuine point that numerous individuals disregard or disgrace. Albeit Positive Sex ed. Projects are useful for improving individual qualities, confidence, an agreeable correspondence style, and capable dynamic abilities, we do need to recollect who the crowd is while making our sex ed programs ensuring that it is age appropriate.Sex instruction isn't just about talking about sex ,it is ensuring the young has a reasonable comprehension and can make discussions in subjects like â€Å"human advancement in regards to propagation and pubescence, ensur ing that they comprehend connections, for example, families, fellowships, sentimental connections. Discussing individual abilities like correspondence, arrangement, and dynamic. Making it is obvious to understudies what sexual conduct and sexual wellbeing resembles sexuality all through life and  being sheltered and educated about explicitly transmitted sicknesses, contraception, and pregnancy and Society and Culture like sex jobs, assorted variety, and sexuality in the media† (Planned Parenthood). These are additionally part and ought to be a piece of the sex ed programs .As of late in late-winter of 2018 in San Diego school region there where claims of educators giving unseemly content in sex training  programs in aline with California sexual instruction by appearing and talking about age improper models in regards to sex ed. By Showing animation variants of different sexual acts alongside bogus realities about how STI are transmitted. This was the scholastic perusing for center schoolers, a comparable story that was progressively neighborhood to us was about the guardians of Orange region school locale who were additionally fighting this inapplicable and pointless data for such little youngsters. Anyway not at all like the San Diego story this one has no proof of the unseemly rules. However this forced the California school region to rethink the sex Ed. program. Considering these dissent this new rules guarantees age proper rules along that additionally â€Å"delves into explicit issues in regards to the sexual wellbeing and improvement of LGBTQ + understudies and addresses issues identifying with HIV anticipation, relationship misuse and sex trafficking.† as per David Washburn. This new projects allows guardians to expel their kids from the sex ed program however they can not expel them from guidance identified with sexual direction and sex character due to non-segregation laws. Having the choice of just teaching youngsters on sexual direction and personality yet not permitting them to find out about how to have safe sex when and on the off chance that it comes up is by all accounts accomplishing more mischief than anything. Children are interested ordinarily by just filling them in on half of a significant and unavoidable point this leads them to fight for themselves and could have a negative effect. This could take from in inappropriate or bogus data on what sex is, the threats that could emerge out of it or how to go about it, as consent.â   One of the characters of Big Mouth, Andrew Globermen who is voiced by humorist John Mulaney has guardians who disapprove of talking about sex ed with their kid Andrew. In one scene we see his mom attempting to push through her own uneasiness and attempt to disclose to her child how to appropriately put on a condom utilizing a banana to exhibit by saying â€Å" you just kinda jhoosh it down† then enters his dad out battered that his mom is utilizing his â€Å"last great banana.† In later scenes Andrews father considers his child a pedophile and additionally debase whenever sex is raised incidentally Andrew is one of the most youthful in his companion gathering. With this, Andrew despite everything is battling with his falsehood and having a ton of substantial inquiries, his closest companion Nick Birch voiced my Nick Kroll co-designer of Big Mouth, his folks adopt the contrary strategy of sex ed. His folks are open about sexual direction, inclination and sex instruction as a rule. Talking about straightforwardly about their own encoun ters regardless of the organization around them. The two arrangements of guardians are depict extraordinary sides of how to or not to examine sex ed with their youngsters. The Characters essentially get sex ed talks from their hormone beasts, characters that speak to their hormones giving them data on how and why they believe they way they do and how to deal with it. Being another exceptionally instructive scene of Big mouth is the â€Å"The arranged parenthood show.† As they talk top to bottom about the numerous administrations Planned parenthood offers alongside dissipating legends about the facility. Making points that can be awkward like anti-conception medication discussions and premature births simpler for us to comprehend. They work admirably on adapting these characters and causing us to feel for them alongside demonstrating us the a wide range of reasons individuals settle on the choices they do in regards to their bodies. In any event, giving us that not just ladies find arranged parenthood luxuries extremely valuable. In very scene of this show while talking about â€Å"taboo† themes like these or when they address sexism,double guidelines, sexual pressers and bigotry this show doesn't neglect to make you snicker and see and take you back to those ungainly occasions of  your youth. With everything taken into account I f eel that Big Mouth is 5 out of 5, being incredibly engaging, relatable and instructive. I would prescribe this show to everybody.

International Financial System Essay

There are a few presumptions that the United States faces distinctive monetary â€Å"reality† than the remainder of the world. The discourse given by Governor R. S. Kroszner given on September 1, 2008 is about the United States in the International Financial System. He contended â€Å"against the decoupling hypothesis† and discussed the â€Å"two baffles in the worldwide monetary accounts† of the United States. The circumstance with the lodging log jam in the United States in the mid year of 2007 influenced additionally European currency markets. It got more enthusiastically to sell the houses at their unique costs. â€Å"Then disturbance rose in money related frameworks around the globe in the pre-fall of 2007. † The home loans taken in the United States were supported with another advances like vehicle credits or understudy advances and afterward reinvested once more. A ton of outside financial specialists purchased those protections that made troubles in currency showcases in Europe. Toward the start of 2008, the money related framework in the United States debilitated the development of GDP and influenced many developing markets economies, decreasing their development and possibilities for development. Financial exchange declined strongly. The food and vitality costs expanded, and it made a worry of swelling. At the end of the day, Governor needs to show that there is an association between economies of various nations. Apparently a stun of one nation is influencing the economy of numerous others. As per him, â€Å"the worldwide economy remains firmly associated by both exchange and monetary linkages. † He summarized in short that â€Å"one country’s imports are another’s sends out. † The shortcoming in one economy influences the interest for the imported items that are the improvement for the economy of the other nation which sends out these items. Money related record which comprises of buys and deals of benefits is a significant record. â€Å"Global Financial linkages incorporate the net global venture positions as well as the extents of gross cross-outskirt cases and liabilities positions. † There are tremendous speculations made by US inhabitants and by outsiders. As indicated by Kroszner, â€Å"US liabilities to outsiders totaled more than $20 trillion, surpassing $140 percent of US GDP. US guarantees on outsiders totaled $17. 5 trillion, about 130 percent of US GDP. † This insights delighted by the FED stuff, shows that there is a money related linkage between the nations around the globe. Subsequently, â€Å"more than two-third of U. S. liabilities are as obligation instruments, while half of U. S. claims are in value protections and direct speculation. † as it were, outside speculators find alluring U. S. markets as a result of numerous components like the Rule of Law, social and political strength, the regard for private property, the uniform business code with the court framework that can assist with settling debates, the dependable open market, the wellbeing and sufficiency of banking framework, lastly the straightforwardness in valuing of protections. The following purpose of the Governor’s discourse is around two riddles. There is a presumption that the United States has the obscure approaches to have the more significant yields on its ventures. The U. S. inhabitants have salary of $90 billions more than the outside speculators on their interests in the United States. As per the senator, â€Å"the answer lies in the profits, arrangement, and size of U. S. cases and liabilities. The arrival got on U. S. direct speculation asserts on the remainder of the world is a lot bigger than paid by U. S. on its immediate venture liabilities to the remainder of the world or some other resources. † so, direct venture gives off an impression of being a more prominent portion of U. S. claims than it is of U. S. liabilities. Besides, the United States isn't the main nation that has a positive net speculation salary. Joined Kingdom has likewise a bigger contrast in the pace of profit for direct venture cases and liabilities contrasting with different nations. This reality demonstrates that the U. S. occupants designate their ventures with a more serious hazard premium and make progressively physical interests in different nations. Kroszner proposed that distinction of $90 billion can be mostly clarified likewise by good assessment laws that â€Å"reduce their general duty burden† on their immediate interests in different nations. Another riddle was about the U. S. capacity to get on preferable footing over different nations do so as to fund their ‘external deficiency. † The United States has gigantic record shortages over $3. 8 trillion. To back the shortfall U. S. necessities to get abroad. As per the representative, â€Å"U. S. net liabilities expanded by just $600 billion, which is $3. 2 trillion not exactly the cumulated current record shortages. About $2. 4 trillion of this sum is a direct result of valuation modifications (capital additions) preferring us claims. † The alterations continually happen due to the adjustments in resource costs and the U. S. cash which is viewed as the significant vehicle of trade available, about 66%. Other than the way that the United States has the shortage since 1980s, the outsiders are as yet ready to put resources into U. S. advertise. They can think that its progressively appealing if the United States has the higher genuine intrigue. They watch such relative realities like the genuine feasible financial development, the relative expansion rates, and Purchasing Power Parity over the long haul trade rates. They may likewise decide to put resources into specific protections in light of individual inclinations and tastes. Every one of these realities impact their dynamic to put resources into the U. S. showcase, yet the way to determine the subsequent riddle lies in contrasts in portfolio returns, arrangement, and size. â€Å"Most U. S. liabilities are obligation protections, which acknowledge little capital additions, while a huge part of U. S. asserts on the remainder of the world are value protections, which acknowledge a lot bigger capital increases. † at the end of the day, the U. S. inhabitants are facing more challenge when put resources into the new developed markets while the outside speculators settle on safe choices to put resources into the U. S. protections with lower hazard and lower return like U. S. bond and bills. Due to worldwide exchanging and budgetary linkages, all the nations are limited together.

What Are Persecutory Delusions

What Are Persecutory Delusions Schizophrenia Print Dealing With Persecutory Delusions Paranoia, Persecution, and False Beliefs By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 21, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 13, 2019 istetiana / Moment / Getty Images   More in Disorders Schizophrenia Addiction ADHD Eating Disorders Social Anxiety Disorder Bipolar Disorder BPD Depression OCD GAD Panic Disorder PTSD View All In This Article Table of Contents Expand Occurrence Examples Causes Linked Factors Treatment How to Support a Loved One View All Back To Top Persecutory delusions occur when someone believes others are out to harm them despite evidence to the contrary. It’s a type of paranoid thinking that can be part of several different mental illnesses. Whether an individual thinks his co-workers are sabotaging his work or he believes the government is trying to kill him, persecutory delusions vary in severity. Some individuals with persecutory delusions believe they have to go to great lengths to stay safeâ€"and consequently, they may struggle to function normally. While everyone may experience some false beliefs about people being out to get them sometimes, for people with persecutory delusions, their beliefs take a serious toll on their lives. Their delusions are usually a symptom of a mental illness that requires professional help. Occurrence of Persecutory Delusions Individuals with mental illness may experience persecutory delusions. They’re most commonly associated with schizophrenia but may also appear in manic episodes of bipolar disorder or with severe depression with psychosis. They may also signal delusional disorderâ€"an illness that is characterized by at least one month of delusions but no other psychotic symptoms. Its also common for individuals with dementia to develop delusions. Its estimated that 27 percent of individuals with dementia experience persecutory delusions at one time or another. Delusional disorders are far less common than other mental illnesses that may involve psychosis. It’s estimated that only .2 percent of the population experiences delusional disorder. Persecutory delusions are one of the most common types of delusion. Less common types of delusions include things like the belief that one has a physical defect or medical problem (somatic delusion) or beliefs that someone famous or important is in love with him/her (erotomanic delusion). Examples Individuals with persecutory delusions believe that harm is going to occur and that other people intend for them to be harmed. Individuals experiencing persecutory delusions may say things such as: “My neighbors break into my house at night and steal my clothes out of my closet.”“The police are following me because they want to torture me.”“An evil spirit is trying to kill me.”The government is poisoning me through the drinking water.“The people from up the street are spying on me and they’re going to steal my stuff.” Individuals reporting persecutory delusions may talk in vague terms by saying things like, “They’re out to get to me,” without being able to articulate who “they” are. Sometimes, individuals with persecutory delusions report their concerns to the authorities. When nothing happens, they often grow suspicious that the authorities are somehow involved. They also often grow frustrated when no one will help them. They may be confused about why friends and family members don’t seem to share their concerns or they may become angry that no one will take action. Causes Childhood trauma is often linked to psychosis. Some studies have specifically linked childhood neglect (such as being placed in foster care) specifically to paranoia. There may also be some societal factors that increase paranoia. Movies, books, and pop culture may increase or fuel persecutory delusions. There may also be some genetic factors at play. Delusional disorder is more common in people who have a family member with delusion disorder or schizophrenia. Linked Factors People who experience persecutory delusions tend to have several factors in common in terms of the way they think, feel, and behave. However, it’s unclear whether these factors cause persecutory delusions or whether persecutory delusions cause these things to occur. Here are six things most individuals with persecutory delusions have in common. Worry and Rumination People who experience persecutory delusions are likely to spend a lot of time worrying. Several studies have found that rates of worry in individuals experiencing persecutory delusions are similar to the rates of worry that people with anxiety disorders experience. Time spent imagining implausible outcomes and catastrophic ideas may go hand-in-hand with persecutory delusions.  A 2014 study found that a period of worry often precedes persecutory delusions. Treating the underlying anxiety has been found to be effective in reducing persecutory delusions. Individuals who learn skills to reduce their worrying may be able to better manage their symptoms. Negative Thoughts About Ones Self Individuals who feel different, apart, inferior, and vulnerable are more likely to be paranoid. A 2012 study assessed 301 patients with psychosis three times over the course of a year. The researchers found that negative thoughts about ones self predicted the persistence of persecutory delusions. Researchers found that individuals with persecutory delusions were overly critical of themselves. Self-compassion has been found to reduce paranoid thoughts. Interpersonal Sensitivity A 2010 study found that people with persecutory delusions tend to be high in interpersonal sensitivity, meaning that they feel vulnerable in the presence of others due to fear of criticism or rejection. Individuals with persecutory delusions are more likely to interpret neutral events as containing hostility from others. Interpersonal sensitivity is also positively associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Abnormal Internal Experiences Individuals with persecutory delusions sometimes misinterpret external events. However, some research has found that this is only true when the individual is experiencing an unsettled internal state. Unexplained anxious arousal, feelings of depersonalization, or perceptual disturbances can cause an individual to look for answers from the external environment. For example, an individual who has experienced a negative life event or poor sleep may feel “off.” Consequently, they may place blame on the environment for why they feel bad. Someone might think, “I feel anxious because someone is spying on me.” Insomnia A 2012 study found that having insomnia increased the odds of developing paranoid ideation by threefold. Poor sleep has also been found to be a predictor of the persistence of existing paranoia. Insomnia is a treatable condition. Helping people improve the quantity and quality of sleep may be key to reducing persecutory delusions. Irrational Reasoning A 2014 study found that people who experience persecutory delusions are more likely to jump to conclusions.  Individuals who jump to conclusions gather little information before making decisions. Consequently, they can be quite impulsive. Examples of jumping to conclusions may include assuming a stranger who is holding up his phone is taking a picture of you or thinking that a group of people who are laughing must be laughing at you.   The study also found that individuals who jumped to conclusions had a poorer working memory of performance, lower IQ, lower intolerance of uncertainty, and lower levels of worry. Treatment Treatment varies greatly depending on the type of mental illness someone is experiencing. Sometimes, underlying issues, like insomnia or past trauma, must be addressed. At other times, reducing anxiety can be a helpful intervention. A 2014 study found that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be an effective intervention. When therapists helped patients reduce worrying and rumination, persecutory delusions decrease. CBT also led to significant reductions in other psychiatric symptoms and general levels of paranoia. Treatment may also include medication.  Depending on the illness, antipsychotics, antidepressants, or other mood-stabilizing medications may be used. Individuals who are experiencing delusions may struggle with everyday tasks, like going to work, running errands, and paying bills. They may require professional in-home support services to assist them with daily tasks. However, sometimes people with delusions distrust professionals, which can make treatment even more complicated. Inpatient hospitalizations may be required at times to help an individual gain better control over the symptoms. How to Support a Loved One Whos Experiencing Persecutory Delusions Supporting a person who is experiencing persecutory delusions can be hard. You might have to spend a lot of time listening to the person explain how they’re being persecutedâ€"even though there’s no evidence that it’s true. Or, there may be times when the individual insists that you’re out to get them, too. While you might be tempted to tell the individual that theyre delusional and their thoughts are irrational, your efforts may do more harm than good. A better approach is to focus on how your loved one is feeling. Say things like, “I know this is really stressful for you.” Express concern by saying things like, “I notice you are overwhelmed.” Get support for yourself as well. A support group could help you learn about the struggles, strategies, and resources other people in similar situations have found helpful. Whether the person experiencing persecutory delusions is your sibling, parent, or child, consider seeking therapy for yourself. A mental health professional can help you gain a better understanding of your loved one’s illness and the strategies that can help you cope. A trained mental health professional may be able to coach you so you can conduct some reality testing with your loved one if its appropriate to do so. This involves gathering the facts that support the delusion as well as the facts that refute the delusion. Rather than tell the individual that their beliefs arent true, reality testing helps the other individual draw their own conclusions based on the evidence. Family therapy can also help you determine how to best respond to a person who is experiencing delusions. Knowing what to say and how to support someone can be very beneficial to their treatment.

Holiday Speech On Holiday Day - 1880 Words

HOLIDAYS CCSI2 will grant holiday time off to all full-time employees on the holidays listed below. New Year’s Day Columbus Day Martin Luther King Jr. Day Veterans Day Washington’s Birthday Thanksgiving Day Memorial Day Christmas Day Independence Day Labor Day If a holiday falls on a weekend day, it is usually observed on the proceeding Friday or the following Monday. Holiday observance will be announced in advance. Holiday pay will be calculated based on your straight time pay rate (as of the date of the holiday) times the number of hours you would have otherwise worked on that day. Holiday pay is not counted for the purposes of calculating an Employee’s overtime hours of work or overtime premiums. If an eligible employee is required to work on a designated holiday, the employee will receive holiday pay and wages at straight-time rate for the hours worked on the holiday or will receive an additional vacation day. All holiday paid is subject to prior approval by the customer and or CCSI2 with authorized signature. VACATION Full-time employees accrue paid vacations in accordance with the schedule below. Part-time and temporary employees do not accrue paid vacation. 0- 2 years of service 3-7 years of service 8-15 years of service 16+ years of service 5 days 10 days 15 days 20 days Eligible employees accrue vacation on a daily basis after their 90-day probation period. Vacation days in excess of 1 year based on accrualShow MoreRelatedFrederick Douglas s The Declaration Of Independence928 Words   |  4 PagesJuly 4th is the day celebrated when America gained declared independence from Great Britain. It’s been celebrated every year as a country since the adoption of the Declaration of Independence since 1776. In 1852, the 5th of July, Frederick Douglas was asked to speak in front of northern abolitionists in New York of the holiday and the subject of independence and freedom. Frederick Douglas would be the ideal person to speak about freedom. At the time in 1850’s he was an African American man who hadRead MoreWhat to the Slave Is the Fourth of July a Rhetorical Analysis1100 Words   |  5 PagesIn his speech, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, Frederick Douglass passionately argues that to the slave, and even to the freed African Amer ican, the Fourth of July is no more than a mockery of the grossest kind. Douglas uses many rhetorical strategies to convey his powerful emotions on the subject, and the end result is a very effectively argued point. Douglass begins by asking a series of rhetorical questions, not without the use of sarcasm. He refers to that Declaration of IndependenceRead MoreFrederick Douglass Speech1136 Words   |  5 PagesSlave is the Fourth of July?†, Frederick Douglass possesses an alternative view of a celebratory holiday representing freedom for American citizens. 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According to the National Retail Federation and ProsperRead MorePreparation Outline For Informative Spe772 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Preparation Outline for Informative Speech Pamela Carter Specific Purpose: To inform on the history and traditions of Thanksgiving, as well as the new era traditions of the holiday. Introduction As long as I can remember my family has always had food on the table and a family gathering on the fourth November in our home. We have all heard elementary stories of wood cabins and the Pilgrims and Indians celebrating thanksgiving. Though, I never knew the reason they were celebrating. Today as ThanksgivingRead MoreThe Fourth Of July, By John Lewis Krimmel985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Fourth of July is a holiday that typically involves joyous events such as barbeques, family gatherings, and quality picnics. Additionally, it is a time that can draw those who have drifted apart closer once again. 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The Process of Aging in Up a Movie by Carl Fredricksen

Life is a chronological process filled with transitions and relationships. The purpose of this paper is to delineate an understanding of an older man’s journey through later life from a gerontology perspective and define real-life learning of an older adult as it was presented in the film â€Å"Up†. By reviewing the life events of the main character Carl Fredricksen a retired balloon salesman and how he fulfills a lifelong dream of a great adventure to South America. The animated film is a comedy adventure about a 78-year-old balloon salesman named Carl Fredricksen who reflects on his childhood dream to pursue his hero an explorer named Charles F. Muntz on a great adventure to South America. As children we experience carefree events that we memorialize throughout our life. Do we dictate our life pursuing these emotions in order to attain happiness, probably not? People live their lives with many transitions, good or bad they provide us with experiences and knowledge. The life experiences we endure provide insight and wisdom to share with others. In life we are continuously looking for fulfilling experiences such as happiness, success, love or contentment. The thing people tend to forget is that these experiences that bring happiness is a basic mood or emotion not a purpose or an endpoint. Reflection provides self-awareness by improving oneself can present a sense of purpose that provides direction to how we live our life. There are moments of re flection that focus on theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Up 1367 Words   |  6 Pagesof the movie â€Å"Up† viewers are quickly exposed to a transformation of Carl Fredricksen from childhood to old age. For the duration of the movie, Carl remains a 78-year-old man, who at first appears grumpy, sad, and guilty at times, and surely missing his late wife. Carl is often shown in a scene talking to his deceased wife as if she were really there, reminiscing of memories spent together, and admiring old photographs of the two of them. Being a widow took a definite toll on Mr. Fredricksen, and he

Microcontroller Based Irrigation System Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(177) " beginning and if merely Ac is available, so it can be rectified, filtered and the regulated 5V can be obtained with the assistance of power supply unit which is provided here\." Abstraction The Microcontroller based irrigation system is an advanced method used to H2O the workss on a regular basis when we are out of station. The system makes usage of a microcontroller IC AT89C51, OP-AMP LM324 and associated circuitry. Microcontroller is preprogrammed and do the necessary stairss to exchange ON and OFF the motor depending upon whether the dirt is dry or non as indicated by the detectors. We will write a custom essay sample on Microcontroller Based Irrigation System Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The OP-AMP is configured here as comparator. The Microcontroller is used to command the whole system. It monitors the detectors and when more than two detectors sense the dry status so the microcontroller will exchange on the motor and it will exchange off the motor when all the detectors are in moisture. The microcontroller does the above occupation it receives the signals from the detectors, and this signals operated under the control of package which is stored in ROM MICROCONTROLLER 89C51 SENSOR 1 SENSOR 2 SENSOR 3 SENSOR 4 Motor Relay Power SUPPLYBLOCK DIAGRAM 5V 12V BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION ( I ) POWER SUPPLY Ninety-nine regulators are various and comparatively cheap and are available with characteristics such as current/voltage boosting, internal short circuit current modification, thermic closure and natation operation for high electromotive force applications. The regulated circuit is used to keep changeless end product degree. The incorporate circuit regulator, sometimes called the three terminal regulators contains the circuitry for mention beginning mistake amplitude control device and overload protection all in a individual IC bit. They are connected between end product of a filter and input to the burden. The 78xx series consist of three terminal +ve electromotive force regulators. With equal heat droping they can present end product current in surplus of 1A. For proper operation, there should be a common land between the input and end product electromotive force. As per the Indian criterions, the supply through the brinies is 230 Vs, 50 Hz Ac. For this undertaking, the power demands are +5V and +12V District of Columbia electromotive force degrees By sing the current demands of the assorted ICs and the loading effects of the different current drawing elements used in this undertaking, the entire current demand was found to be about 1 A. So we use a 12-0-12V, 1 A transformer to step down the brinies voltage to 12 V ( rms ) . The secondary of the transformer is fed to a rectifier circuit consisting of 1N4007 power rectifying tubes for change overing Ac to dc V. The pulsating end product therefore obtained has to be filtered to acquire the steady District of Columbia electromotive force. A capacitance filter of 2200 microfarads, 25V and 0.1 microfarads are used. Using regulator IC 7805 the needed electromotive force degree is obtained. Here we have used 78xx series regulator which are three terminal, positive fixed electromotive force series regulators. MICRO CONTROLLER The microcontroller used is AT89C51. It is a low power, high-performance, CMOS 8- spot microcontroller with 4K Bytes of Flash programmable and effaceable read merely memory. Port1 of 89C51 Acts of the Apostless as an input port here.The end product of four comparators are fed to port1 ( Internet Explorer to P1.0, P1.1, P1.2, P1.3 ) . When to or more inputs are high, Internet Explorer for the spot combinations 0011,0101,0110,0111,1001,1010,1011,1100,1101, 1110,1111 the microcontroller will turn ON the motor.It will turn OFF the motor merely if all the inputs at Port1 is low Internet Explorer for the spot combination 0000.The microcontroller is pre-programmed to make this undertaking. Detector The detector parts are built utilizing OP-AMP IC LM324.The LM 324 series consists of four independent high addition, internally compensated operational amplifiers which are designed specifically to run from a individual power supply over a broad scope of electromotive forces. OP-AMP IC is configured here as a comparator. As shown in the circuit diagram stiff Cu wires are inserted in dirt and one terminal of each of these wires are connected to the negative terminus of the op-amp. When dirt is wet, its conduction will be high and end product of the comparators will be low. When the dirt is dry, the conduction will be low and the comparator end product will be high. The end product of these comparators are fed to the microcontroller. Relay Relaies are widely used to command devices that draw big current. A relay is a switch whose terminuss called contacts are unfastened and closed by an electromagnet. We normally use mechanical or solid province relays. The control circuitry for both of these types of relays is electrically isolated from the existent switch. When the current is passed through the twist of the electromagnet, the ensuing force actuates a metallic relay that causes one or more contacts to open and shut. The lever called armature is attached to the spring, so that when the current in the twist is removed, the spring force retraces the armature. The twists in the relay is called spiral and it is said to be energized when current flows through it. The switch contacts that are controlled by relay are called usually unfastened or usually closed harmonizing to the status when they are energized. Thus a usually unfastened contact stopping points and a usually closed contact opens when energized. The chief advantage of the relay is that the contacts can be designed to exchange a heavy current in and out of a circuit when merely a little current is supplied to or disconnected from the spiral. Here a 12V relay is used.The microcontroller bend ON and turn OFF the motor through this relay. Motor We are utilizing a 12V, DC motor to demo the working. For pumping the H2O an AC motor may be used.This motor can be drived utilizing the relay. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Working The undertaking presented here is an automatic irrigation system.It uses microcontroller AT89C51, op-amp LM324 and associated circuitry. The power supply required for the microcontroller,5V can be either taken straight from a District of Columbia beginning and if merely Ac is available, so it can be rectified, filtered and the regulated 5V can be obtained with the assistance of power supply unit which is provided here. You read "Microcontroller Based Irrigation System Engineering Essay" in category "Essay examples" The op-amp LM324 is configured as a comparator.There are four built-in units in it and associated with each unit we will infix two Cu wires in the soil.One terminal of these wires are in the dirt and the other terminal of one wire is connected to the supply say 5V and the 2nd wire is connected to the comparator ‘s inverting terminal.When the dirt is wet its conduction will be high and 5V will make the inverting terminus through the wires inserted in dirt. Consequently the ouput of that peculiar comparator will be low.If the dirt is dry its conduction will be low and the comparator will give a high end product. As already mentioned there are four comparators and the end product of all these comparators are fed to Port1 ( Internet Explorer to P1.0, P1.1, P1.2, P1.3 ) of the microcontroller. Port1 of 89C51 Acts of the Apostless as an input port here.When to or more inputs are high, Internet Explorer for the spot combinations0011,0101,0110,0111,1001,1010,1011,1100,1101,1110,1111the microcontroller will turn ON the motor.It will turn OFF the motor merely if all the inputs at Port1 is low Internet Explorer for the spot combination 0000.The microcontroller is pre-programmed to make this undertaking. The microcontroller bend ON and turn OFF the motor through a 12V relay. SOFTWARE PART Flow chart Start If power supply on Stop Read Port P1 as input port Port P1 = FFH A = P1 If A = 0000 Motor OFF If A = 0001 Motor OFF Nitrogen Yttrium If A = 0010 Motor OFF Nitrogen Yttrium Yttrium A A A Yttrium Nitrogen A Bacillus Nitrogen If A = 0100 Motor OFF Yttrium If A = 1000 Motor OFF Nitrogen Yttrium A A Nitrogen Bacillus Motor ON If A = 0000 Yttrium Nitrogen Motor OFF A PCB FABRICATION PCB DESIGN PCB design of the circuit was implemented utilizing DIP TRACE. Initially the schematic of the circuit was drawn. The necessary PCB footmarks were given, thereby stipulating the constituent size and spacing. After giving the footmarks a new list was created. Rooting process was done utilizing the DIPTRACE PCB LAYOUT package. The net list was loaded and constituents spacing done consequently. Using the Auto rooting option, rooting was done. The possible connexions were made utilizing Auto rooting and the staying connexions were done manually utilizing jumpers. PCB FABRICATION After the PCB design stage, PCB fiction was done. The way was drawn on a circuit board utilizing a C paper and the mirror image obtained was painted. The board was etched by dunking it in a extremely concentrated Ferric Chloride and after etching, the staying pigment was removed. The continuity of all waies was checked and so the constituents were placed and soldered. After supplying the necessary jumpers besides the circuit was tested. Bonding Soldering is the fall ining together of two metals to give physical bonding and good electrical conduction. It is used chiefly in electrical and electronic circuitry. Solder is a combination of metals, which are solid at normal room temperatures and go liquid at between 180 and 200A °C. Solder bonds good to assorted metals, and highly good to Cu. Soldering is a necessary accomplishment you need to larn to successfully construct electronics circuits. It is the primary manner how electronics constituents are connected to circuit boards, wires and sometimes straight to other constituents. To solder you need a bonding Fe. A modern basic electrical bonding Fe consists of a warming component, a soldering spot ( frequently called the tip ) , a grip and a power cord. The warming component can be either a opposition wire lesion around a ceramic tubing, or a thick movie opposition component printed onto a ceramic base. The component is so insulated and placed into a metal tubing for strength and protection. This is so thermally insulated from the grip. The heating component of soldering Fe normally reaches temperatures of about 370 to 400A °C ( higher than needed to run the solder ) . The soldering spot is a specially molded piece of Cu plated with Fe and so normally plated with chrome or Fe. The tip planting makes it really immune to aggressive solders and fluxes. The strength or power of a bonding Fe is normally expressed in Watts. Irons by and large used in electronics are typically in the scope 12 to 25 Watts. Higher powered Fe will non run hotter, but it will hold more power available to rapidly replace heat drained from the Fe during soldering. Most chainss are available in a assortment of electromotive forces, 12V, 24V, 115V, and 230V are the most popular. Today most research labs and fix stores use soldering chainss, which operate at 24V ( powered by isolation transformer supplied with the soldering Fe or by a separate low electromotive force mercantile establishment ) . You should ever utilize this low electromotive force where possible, as it is much safer. For advanced bonding work ( like really bantam really sensitive electronics constituents ) , you will necessitate a soldering Fe with a temperature control. In this type of soldering chainss the temperature may be normally set between 200 degC and 450 degC. Many temperature-control led soldering chainss designed for electronics have a power evaluation of around 40-50W. They will heat fast and give adequate power for operation, but are automatically little ( because the temperature accountant stops them from overheating when they are non used ) . You will on occasion see gas-powered soldering chainss which use butane instead than the brinies electrical supply to run. They have a catalytic component which, one time warmed up, continues to glow hot when gas passes over them. Gas-powered soldering chainss are designed for occasional â€Å" on the topographic point † usage for speedy fixs, instead than for mainstream building or assembly work. You need to be careful in soldering because most electronic constituents are delicate, and heat sensitive. Normally our biggest concern is heat. Low plenty soldering temperature and short plenty soldering clip keeps constituents in good form. Electronicss constituents are designed so that they can take high temperatures on their contacts/wires for some clip without harm ( to defy the bonding ) . Prolonged exposure to high temperature will heat up when interior of the constituent can do harm to it. Presently, the best normally available, feasible, and safe solder metal is 63/37. That is, 63 % lead, 37 % Sn. It is besides known as eutectic solder. Its most desirable feature is that its solids ( â€Å" pasty † ) province, and its liquid province occur at the same temperature — 361 grades F. The combination of 63 % lead and 37 % Sn thaws at the lowest possible temperature. Nowadays there is inclination to travel to utilize lead free solders, but it will takes old ages until they will catch on normal soldering work. Lead free solders are nowadays available, but they are by and large more expensive and/or harder to work on than traditional solders that have lead in so, The metals involved are non the lone things to see in a solder. Flux is critical to a good solder articulation. Flux is an aggressive chemical that removes oxides and drosss from the parts to be soldered. The chemical reactions at the point ( s ) of connexion must take topographic point for the metals to blend. RMA-type flux ( Rosin Mildly Active ) is the least corrosive of the readily available stuffs, and provides an equal oxide remotion. In electronics a 60/40 fluxed nucleus solder is used. This consists of 60 % Lead and 40 % Tin, with flux nucleuss added through the length of the solder. There are certain safety steps which you should maintain in head when soldering. The Sn stuff used in soldering contains unsafe substances like lead ( 40-60 % of typical bonding Sns are lead and lead is toxicant ) . Besides the assorted from the soldering flux can be unsafe. While it is true that lead does non zap at the temperatures at which soldering is typically done, particulate affair is merely every bit unsafe as exhausts would be in footings of toxic condition and there is particulate lead nowadays to some extent in the exhausts from your flux. When soldering maintain the room good ventilated and utilize a little fan or fume trap. A proper smoke trap or a fan will maintain the most pollution off from your face. Professional electronics workshops use expensive fume extraction systems to protect their workers ( needed for working safety grounds ) . Those fume extraction devices have a particular filter, which filters out the unsafe exhausts. If you can link a canal to the end product from the trap to the exterior, that would be great. Always wash custodies prior to smoke, feeding, imbibing or traveling to the bathroom. When you handle soldering Sn, your custodies will pick up lead, which needs to be washed out from it before it gets to your organic structure. Do non eat, imbibe or smoke whilst working with soldering Fe. Do non put cups, spectacless or a home base of nutrient near your working country. Wash besides the tabular array sometimes. As you solder, at times there will be a spot of ptyalizing and sputtering. If you look you ‘ll see bantam balls of solder that shoot out and can be found on your soldering tabular array. The bonding Fe will last longer with proper attention. Before and during usage wipe the spot on a moist sponge. Most bench bases incorporate a sponge for this intent. When utilizing a new spot, use solder to it as it heats up. Always maintain a hot Fe in a bench base, or suspended by the hook, when non in usage. Bend of the Fe when you do non utilize it. Sporadically take the spot and clear off any oxide build up. Regularly check the brinies lead for Burnss or other harm ( alteration mains lead if necessary ) . PCB LAYOUT Cost Appraisal SL NO. Components Specification Rate Measure Cost 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Resistors Diodes Capacitors Crystal Op-amp Microcontroller IC Base Transistor Transformer Relay DC Motor Regulator IC PCB fiction A ; Soldering LED Casing 10 K 100 K 220 I © 2.2k 1N4007 2200 A µF 0.1A µF 47A µF 10A µF 8 MHz LM 324 AT89C51 14 pin 40 pin BC 107 12-0-12 12 V 12V motor Intelligence community 7805 10 PS 10 PS 10 PS 10 PS 20 PS 50 PS 50 PS 50 PS 50 PS Rs 5.00 Rs 18.00 Rs 58.00 Rs.2.00 Rs.10.00 Rs 1.00 Rs.70.00 Rs.8.00 Rs.70.00 Rs.5.00 Rs.250.00 Re.1.00 Rs.20.00 9 4 5 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 90ps 40ps 50ps 40ps 60ps 50ps 50ps 50ps 50ps Rs 5.00 Rs.18.00 Rs.58.00 Rs.2.00 Rs.10.00 Rs.1.00 Rs.70.00 Rs.8.00 Rs.70.00 Rs.5.00 Rs.250.00 Rs.4.00 Rs.20.00 TOTAL = Rs..526.00 Decision Here we introduce a simple and cheap irrigation system. The hardware subdivision consists of an op A and a microcontroller circuitry. The unit can be easy implemented in our houses for little graduated table every bit good as in farms for big scale irrigation. Bibliography Mentions The 8051 Microcontroller and embedded systems – Muhammad Ali Mazidi Op As and Linear Integrated circuits – Ramakand Gaykwad Web sites www.atmel.com www.8051projects.info/proj.asp? ID=40 Plan # INCLUDE lt ; SFR55A.INC gt ; MOTOR BIT P2_0 MOTOR_LED BIT P2_1 DRY BIT P2_2 WET BIT P2_3 CSEG AT 0 ORG 00H Start: MOV P1, # FFH MOV A, P1 CJNE A, # 00H, NEXT_VALUE ACALL MOTOR_OFF NEXT_VALUE: CJNE A, # 01H, NEXT_VALUE1 ACALL MOTOR_OFF NEXT_VALUE 1: CJNE A, # 02H, NEXT_VALUE2 ACALL MOTOR_OFF NEXT_VALUE 2: CJNE A, # 03H, NEXT_VALUE3 ACALL MOTOR_ON NEXT_VALUE 3: CJNE A, # 04H, NEXT_VALUE4 ACALL MOTOR_OFF NEXT_VALUE 4: CJNE A, # 05H, NEXT_VALUE5 ACALL MOTOR_ON NEXT_VALUE 5: CJNE A, # 06H, NEXT_VALUE6 ACALL MOTOR_ON NEXT_VALUE 6: CJNE A, # 07H, NEXT_VALUE7 ACALL MOTOR_ON NEXT_VALUE 7: CJNE A, # 08H, NEXT_VALUE8 ACALL MOTOR_OFF NEXT_VALUE 8: CJNE A, # 09H, NEXT_VALUE9 ACALL MOTOR_ON NEXT_VALUE 9: CJNE A, # 0BH, NEXT_VALUE11 ACALL MOTOR_ON NEXT_VALUE 11: CJNE A, # 0CH, NEXT_VALUE12 ACALL MOTOR_ON NEXT_VALUE 12: CJNE A, # 0DH, NEXT_VALUE13 ACALL MOTOR_ON NEXT_VALUE 13: CJNE A, # 0EH, NEXT_VALUE14 ACALL MOTOR_ON NEXT_VALUE 14: CJNE A, # 0FH, NEXT_VALUE10 ACALL MOTOR_ON NEXT_VALUE 15: AJUMP START MOTOR_ON: SETB MOTOR SETB WET CLR MOTOR_LED CLR DRY RET MOTOR_OFF: CLR MOTOR SETB DRY CLR WET SETB MOTOR _LED End How to cite Microcontroller Based Irrigation System Engineering Essay, Essay examples

Skills Development Report Essay Example

Skills Development Report Essay According to Scott (2005), self-awareness is at the center of professional learning and development.   In order to boost his career potential, each worker must understand himself, being aware of the kind of work he enjoys, and recognizing his strengths, weaknesses and skills, as well the effect that he has on others.   Self-awareness allows people to easily manage their own behavior apart from their colleagues while fulfilling the goals of the organization.   As a matter of fact, self-awareness lies at the very core of successful leadership. So as to help the reader develop self-awareness, Scott recommends the Myers Briggs personality type indicator (MBTI) in addition to the 16PF – two of the many psychometric tools employed in the assessment of one’s interests, talents, and skills.   Such psychometric tests are known to help in self-reflection.   Feedback from a skilled practitioner who administers these tests is sure to help the individual gain more insights about his behavior.   In order to gather additional knowledge about their managerial styles, managers may even consider requesting â€Å"multi-sourced feedback† if not a â€Å"full-blown 360-degree appraisal (Scott).† 1.2 Discussion Scott’s article stresses the importance of self-awareness.   Managers who are deeply cognizant of their managerial styles are easily able to improve upon them.   However, self-awareness is also essential for their subordinates.   People who are not aware of their talents, skills, strengths and weaknesses may waste a great deal of time on jobs that they are not suited for.   If they truly understood their own capabilities they would not only increase their productivity but also their earning potentials. We will write a custom essay sample on Skills Development Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Skills Development Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Skills Development Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fortunately, psychometric tests such as the MBTI and 16PF are available to the modern-day workforce.   Perhaps every organization should make it mandatory for its employees to take these tests.   In this way, the organizations would also be saved from wasting their time and resources on training people for jobs that they are not suited for.   Moreover, self-aware employees would be able to manage themselves and their colleagues better.   In short, they would act more responsibly toward their organizations. 1.3 Summary Hardingham (2004) writes that self-awareness is necessary for all workers, except the â€Å"most creative, talented and quirky of individuals, who survive by simply doing what comes naturally.†Ã‚   Yet, Hardingham’s article is especially meant to help developers and trainers in organizations to expand their self-awareness.   According to the author, self-awareness would allow developers and trainers to plan in advance so as to ensure that their weaknesses would not compromise their work.   Besides, it would assist them in watching out for mistakes and doing something about their weaknesses. Hardingham further believes that self-awareness helps people to be conscious of their responses.   Additionally, it leads to self-acceptance.   The author recommends several strategies for achieving this, e.g. psychometric testing and coaching. 1.4 Discussion Hardingham’s article offers a fresh perspective on self-awareness, although some of the author’s ideas are the same as the ones put forward by Scott.   The fact that self-awareness permits people to be conscious of their responses in any given moment was not mentioned by Scott.   Similarly, the idea of self-acceptance as a corollary of self-awareness is new.   This idea is especially important for people who are severely critical of themselves.   Some of these people are perfectionists whose performance may be adversely affected when and if they fail to meet their own expectations.   By knowing who they truly are, such persons may save themselves from a great deal of heartache in addition to losses in productivity. Both Hardingham and Scott describe the importance of feedback in addition to psychometric tests such as the Myers-Briggs personality type indicator for self-awareness.   The reader is, therefore, led to believe that these two methods of increasing self-awareness must be the most essential ones.   At the same time, however, the importance of introspection as one of the principle methods of gaining insights about oneself cannot be discounted.   Hardingham describes introspection as â€Å"a personal exploration of our own history and beliefs.†Ã‚   She also mentions a strategy for increasing self-awareness that Scott’s article fails to consider: coaching.   All the same, this method of expanding self-awareness is not described by the author in depth. 2. Managing under Pressure 2.1 Summary With a focus on health care management, Curtin’s (2005) article describes plenty of situations that could place a â€Å"severe strain† on managers.   These situations may include â€Å"public dissatisfaction with healthcare, hospital closures, disgruntled patients, physicians, administrators and personnel, meeting after meeting devoted to planning and/or reporting on implementation of yet another change, or on budget (keeping within it or explaining why you cant or didnt), or reorganization (Curtin).†Ã‚   The author’s advice for managers that are dealing with pressure is that they must learn to lead themselves under pressure before they can hope to effectively lead others.   The following are three of the most significant tips for managers to bear in mind when facing pressure on the job: (1) They must not hurt themselves and others on the physical, psychological and emotional levels; (2) They must take good care of themselves so that they are in a posi tion to take good care of others; and (3) No matter how difficult the circumstances are, managers must use their experiences as opportunities for growth and learning. 2.2 Discussion The advice offered in Curtin’s article may be used by managers in all industries.   All managers may have to face the kinds of problems that managers in the health care system must deal with from time to time.   Time pressures are commonplace; and dissatisfied and/or disgruntled people are not hard to find among the stakeholders of any organization. It is noteworthy that Curtin’s article also touches on the concept of self-awareness.   When facing pressure in the workplace or in times of crises, managers must be able to manage their own selves before they can effectively manage others.   Self-management includes physical, psychological and emotional levels to the self.   Curtin writes that managers must experience stressful times as opportunities for growth and learning.   In other words, they must reflect on themselves as well as their relationships with the situations at hand when dealing with pressure on the job.   Undoubtedly, managers would be able to increase their self-awareness in the process of managing themselves under pressure.   What is more, with the assumption that pressure is an experience of growth rather than pain, managers would be able to deal with the stressful situations in a positive way.   In fact, their positive attitude toward pressure is sure to rub off on their subordinates. 2.3 Summary Stettner (2004) writes that managing under pressure demands the process of decision-making to be speeded up.   In point of fact, fast decision-making is a skill for managers to learn before they can use it under pressure.   Managers cannot afford to make stupid decisions by acting too quickly.   Rather, they must be able to thoughtfully assess the organizational situations before they can arrive at decisions during stressful times. Instead of worrying about the deadlines, managers under pressure should keep their focus on the goals of the tasks at hand.   Also according to the author, managers under pressure are inclined to talk too much.   Instead of lecturing their teams on the subject of speediness, however, managers should learn to listen.   In any case, it is more important for them to assess rather than debate under pressure. 2.4 Discussion Stettner offers very valuable advice for managing under pressure.   The author is absolutely correct to state that assessment is of the essence, regardless of whether the situation facing the manager is stressful or not.   Anxious managers may spoil the tasks at hand.   Therefore, it is necessary for managers to learn self-control so as to effectively manage under pressure.   The concept of self-awareness may be quite useful for managers who are trying to learn self-control for this reason.   By knowing that he easily becomes anxious through a tense situation at work, a manager would be able to control his emotional state.   He would also learn to talk less and listen more in such situations.   This advice proffered by the author may, in fact, reduce the manager’s anxiety.   When the manager is relaxed and in control, his subordinates would also feel relaxed enough to perform their tasks efficiently.   After all, it is not impossible for people to meet deadli nes in a state of relaxation.   What is more, anxiety is known to have an unfavorable effect on any job at hand. 3. Motivating Others 3.1 Summary Welch and Welch (2007) describe money, â€Å"interesting work,† and â€Å"enjoyable co-workers† as â€Å"no-brainers† as far as employee motivation is concerned.   Managers need to learn about a new perspective on employee motivation that the authors put forth.   In this perspective, recognition is a very important motivator.   Whenever an employee or a team does a good job, the company should make a public announcement.   Awards should also be handed out, and the managers should mention the productive effort of the employee or team whenever there is an opportunity.   In point of fact, the success of employees and/or teams must be celebrated by their companies. Another way of motivating employees is for companies to ensure that their missions are spelled out.   In fact, the mission of every task must be explained to the employees in simple terms.   Finally, the authors advise companies to motivate their employees by making them feel that although they have reached the top, they are still climbing the mountain of success.   The authors explain this as a balance between â€Å"achievement and challenge (Welch and Welch).† 3.2 Discussion It is a well-known fact that employees are motivated by money, jobs that they enjoy, and co-workers who make their organization a fun place to work.   Welch and Welch offer entirely new ideas about employee motivation – all of which are expected to work wonders for the organization.   Furthermore, it does not cost the organization anything to implement most of the ideas.   Recognition, for example, only requires the organization to make its employees’ success a fact to be known by everyone in the workplace.   Similarly, by clarifying the mission of the organization and its tasks to the employees, the organization is expected to cut its costs rather than to incur costs.   There would be less wastage of time and resources if the mission of the organization and its tasks is made obvious to the workers.   Lastly, the organization would not incur costs by helping the employees to feel that although they have achieved great success they may continue to climb the s uccess ladder. Celebrating the success of all employees may be costly.   All the same, it is considered essential by many organizations to celebrate the major successes of their employees.   As a matter of fact, celebration is expected to be such an effective motivator that the employees who are not successful enough for their efforts to be celebrated may also be motivated by the hope that their efforts would be similarly celebrated if they work harder and better. 3.3 Summary Dalton (2007) writes that there may be seven kinds of people in an organization at any time: â€Å"Commanders, who need control; Drifters, who need flexibility; Attackers who need respect; Pleasers who need to be liked; Performers, who need recognition; Avoiders who need security; and Analyticals, who need certainty.†Ã‚   Accordingly, the author offers tips to motivate the seven kinds of people, even though the basic descriptions of the seven types of workers are enough as a framework for a theory of motivation. 3.4 Discussion Dalton’s need theory of motivation is altogether different from Abraham Maslow’s famous theory, despite the fact that it is based on the same concept, that is, employees have needs, the fulfillment of which is enough to motivate them.   Thus, the commanders among the employees must have their work linked to results in order to feel that they are in control.   If these people lack a sense of being in charge, they would be unmotivated.   Likewise, the drifters in the workplace should be given free rein to express their creativity, without which they may be unmotivated to work efficiently.   The attackers, the pleasers, the performers, the avoiders and the analytical also possess specific needs that must be fulfilled in order for them to feel motivated for efficient work practices.   What is more, if the ideas of Welch and Welch are incorporated, it would be icing on the cake. 4. Managing Conflict 4.1 Summary Fralix (2007) writes that there are two main kinds of conflict: covert conflict and overt conflict.   Covert conflict is also of two types: avoiding conflict and ignoring conflict.   According to the author, conflicts are unhealthy for the organization.   Therefore, employers should use the conflict management tactics that she puts forward: (1) Using personality assessment tools to understand the communication styles of potential employees, so as to prevent and avoid conflict in the workplace; (2) Establishing an organizational culture that welcomes diversity, seeing that conflict is often a result of diversity; (3) Clearly explaining the roles and responsibilities of each individual; (4) Openly discussing conflict, etc. 4.2 Discussion Needless to say, all kinds of conflicts mentioned by the author may be destructive or constructive for the organization.   Falix fails to mention the constructive type of conflict in her article.   This kind of conflict may lead to new ideas and much-needed changes in the organization. It is interesting to note that personality assessment tools may also play an important role in preventing destructive conflicts in the workplace.   As mentioned previously, these tools may be very helpful for the employees in enhancing self-awareness.   Although the organization is expected to use its employees’ results on personality tests to understand their communication styles before the occurrence of a destructive conflict, the results must be shared with the employees so as to allow them to increase self-awareness, which in turn would increase their sense of responsibility in the workplace. 4.3 Summary Springer’s article, â€Å"Managing conflict to build consensus† describes the constructive side of conflict.   According to the author, â€Å"Fostering conflict to enhance decision quality while simultaneously building consensus requires the stimulation of debate, keeping conflict constructive, insuring that the process is fair and legitimate and being able to reach closure (Springer).†Ã‚   Thus, the article offers ideas on nurturing conflict instead of preventing it, e.g. by way of role playing.   Springer also describes the decision-making process that is perceived as fair, in addition to ideas to prevent a misalignment of the entire process of using conflict to help the organization. 4.4 Discussion Contrary to Falix’s article, â€Å"How to prevent and resolve conflicts in the workplace,† Springer’s writing defines conflicts as desirable.   As stated previously, constructive conflicts may help the organization by allowing it to gather new ideas for change.   Moreover, once the conflict is resolved the employees of the organization would be able to agree on the final decision made by the managers, provided that their organization is in the habit of nurturing conflicts for positive change.   The author insists that the decisions should be perceived as fair, however.   In order to achieve a sense of fairness in its decision-making, the organization must seek to avoid all negativity during the conflict.